6 Currency Translation

Foreign currency transactions involving Group companies are converted into the functional currency, in accordance with the temporal method, at the exchange rate that applies on the day of the transaction. Monetary balance sheet items denominated in a foreign currency are converted at the exchange rate that applies on each reporting date. Any exchange differences are recognized affecting net income. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost are recorded on the reporting date at the exchange rate on the date they were first recognized. Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value are translated on the reporting date using the exchange rate on the date the fair value was determined. Exchange differences relating to non-monetary items are recognized affecting net income insofar as a profit or loss on the corresponding line item is also recognized affecting net income. Otherwise, they are disclosed in other comprehensive income.

The main foreign subsidiaries included in the consolidated financial statements operate their business independently in line with functional theory. The annual financial statements of those subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the euro are converted into the reporting currency using the modified closing rate method. The functional currency of individual foreign units is always the respective local currency. Any resulting exchange differences are disclosed as a separate item in other comprehensive income. When a foreign subsidiary leaves the scope of consolidation, the cumulative exchange differences are reversed and recognized in profit or loss.